Barcode Types Explained: Which Format Should You Use?

1D vs 2D barcodes

A linear or 1D barcode stores data in the widths of parallel bars and spaces. It is read along a single line, which is why classic laser scanners work with it. Linear codes hold a few dozen characters at most and are usually a key that points to a record in a database, such as a product number.

2D barcodes store data in both directions, in a grid of modules or in stacked rows. They hold hundreds or thousands of characters, include strong error correction and can be read from any angle by camera-based scanners, including phones.

Linear (1D) barcode formats

Two-dimensional (2D) barcode formats

How to choose: a quick decision guide

• Selling a product in shops or on large marketplaces? Use EAN-13 (or UPC-A in North America) with a GS1-issued number.
• Labeling outer cases for distributors? Use ITF-14 or GS1-128 with a GTIN-14.
• Internal inventory, assets, shipping labels or work orders? Use Code 128.
• Consumers will scan it with a phone? Use a QR code.
• Tiny space or direct marking on metal and plastic? Use Data Matrix.
• Tickets on phone screens? Use Aztec. Long records on ID cards? Use PDF417.
• An existing system already defines the format? Match it exactly, including Code 39 or Codabar.

Things that matter for every format

Whatever the symbology, scanning reliability comes down to the same few factors. Keep a clear quiet zone around the code. Print dark bars or modules on a light, matte background. Do not stretch or squash the image; change the size in the generator instead. Export vector SVG or PDF for print, and test a real printed sample with the actual scanner or phones your audience uses.

Finally, remember that the barcode is only a carrier. For retail formats, the number inside must be registered with GS1. For internal formats, make sure your database or software knows what each value means.